Karez Well is an underground waterworks invented and built by laboring people of various ethnic groups in China to adapt to the natural environment in a dry region. It is considered one of the three greatest water projects of ancient China, along with the Dujiangyan Irrigation System and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Why Karez Wells were built in great number in Turpan Basin can be attributed to the local natural geographical conditions. To the north of Turpan Basin is Bogda Mountain and to its west Kalawucheng Mountain. In summer, large amounts of melted snow and rainwater flow into the Turpan Basin and infiltrate into the ground, thus making an adequate water source underground for Karez Wells. Earth in the Turpan Basin is solid and good for building wells and underground channels. In Turpan it is very dry and hot in summer, and land here has a high evaporation rate. In the windy season, the strong wind here can blow sand into every corner. After wind, much farmland and many water channels are buried by sand. However, Karez Wells can supply water through underground channels and are independent of the effect of seasons, wind and sand. In addition, Karez Wells have a very low evaporation rate and a stable supply of water, and can irrigate farmland all the year round. The word “Karez” means “well”.